If you want to learn more, check out Battlegrounds or Duels changes, or read dev comments, be sure to check out full patch notes below: Bash – Now costs 2 mana (down from 3 mana).Īnd that would be it for Constructed portion.Slam – Now costs 1 mana (down from 2 mana).Shield Shatter – Now deals 5 damage (up from 4 damage).Tidal Revenant – Now gives 8 Armor (up from 5).Cruel Taskmaster – Now has 2/3 stats (up from 2/2).Imbued Axe – Now gives your damaged minions +1/+2 and has Infuse (2) to make it +2/+2 (instead of +1/+1 and Infuse (3) to make it +2/+2).Sanguine Depths – Now gives minion +2 Attack (up from +1 Attack).Silverleaf Poison – Now costs 1 mana (down from 2).Sprint – Now costs 5 mana (down from 6).Edwin, Defias Kingpin – Now is a 3 mana 3/3 (instead of a 4 mana 4/4).Promotion – Now gives your Silver Hand Recruit +3/+3 and Taunt (up from just +3/+3).Warhorse Trainer – Now gives your Silver Hand Recruits +2 Attack and Taunt (up from just +1 Attack).Stand Against Darkness – Now costs 4 mana (down from 5).Legendary Invitation ( The Countess) – Now costs 2 mana (down from 3).Irebound Brute – Now costs 7 mana (down from 8).Battleworn Vanguard – Now has 2/2 stats (up from 2/1). ![]() Abyssal Depths – Now costs 3 mana (down from 4).Magnifying Glaive – Now has 3/2 stats (up from 2/2).Bibliomite – Now has 5/4 stats (up from 4/4).Relic of Extinction – Now costs 1 mana (down from 2).Relic Vault – Now costs 2 mana (down from 3).Kobold Illusionist – Now costs 5 mana (up from 4).Īll of those cards (or in the case of Stag Spirit, all of the cards generating it – Spirit Poacher, Stag Charge, Wild Spirits and Ara'lon) will be disenchantable for their full crafting cost for the next 2 weeks (until August 30).Vile Library – No longer gives the base +1/+1 buff, only +1/+1 per Imp on board.Snowfall Guardian – Now has 5/5 base stats and no longer gains stats for each frozen minion.Stag Spirit Wildseed – Now gives a 3/2 weapon (down from 4/2).Celestial Alignment – Now only affects the casting player.Here’s a full list of Constructed nerfs and buffs: Nerfs Update: The patch is live now! Looks like the patch is data-only so it’s out on mobile at the same time! Keep in mind that mobile release might take a couple more hours, we’ll keep you posted. The patch is scheduled to drop later today – if everything goes well, it should be out around 10 AM PT (19:00 CET) on PC. ![]() Let’s see how this approach works in practice. It looks like this time the top classes have only received a small slap on the wrist and the focus went into buffing the bottom classes instead. ![]() In fact, it’s one of the biggest balance updates in the history of Hearthstone. While all of the Constructed nerfs were already known (due to last week’s leak), there’s a TON of buffs that we didn’t know about, including some that are reverts of past nerfs. Official patch notes for 24.0.3 update have just dropped and they’re really long.
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![]() ![]() ![]() Needles started his spree of crime as a serial killer, murdering anyone he could find, his own family included, with a jagged machete, in a crime spree that, by his own accord, cost upwards of a thousand people their lives, before being arrested and cursed by Preacher to bear the fires of hell upon his skull. While life was fine enough for Marcus, he bore a separate personality, one teeming with sadistic insanity Marcus tried to keep this facet locked away within his psyche, but ultimately relented and carved this personality a mask, and it was on that day that Needles Kane was released upon the world. Joker: (witnesses Gotham City falling to destruction and cackles)įrom there, Wizard and Boomstick focus on Sweet Tooth, once just an unassuming ice cream man known to the world as Marcus Kane. But as the Joker has fallen only a few times, such a feat is rare to accomplish, and with what the greatest of Batman's foes can accomplished, such a fate is rarer to await. Over the years, he has acquired an astonishingly high pain tolerance, yet is still able to be killed to put it another way, while it is hard to make the Joker feel pain, it is no harder to kill him. That said, while the Joker has earned his position as public enemy number one to Gotham and Batman in particular, he is still not perfect. Other superheroes have fallen prey to his trickery, as well, having been shown as outwitting Superman and Wonder Woman alike. The Joker's forethought has lent itself well on many occasions, able to consistently outwit his foe, and in turn bring tragedy unto his loved ones, as shown by the instances of him maiming Jason Todd with a crowbar and blowing him up, and crippling Barbara Gordon, thus ending her career as Batgirl. The Joker's mastery of tricks and his unpredictable, some would even say cunning mind, has made him one of the foremost villains of the entire DC universe. Repeated exposure to the venom has rendered the clown prince of crime immune to his own creation, which only makes him even more dangerous when one couples it with a body that has been honed enough to the point where he can hold his own in physical combat against Batman and all of this is without factoring in the presence of the Jokermobile, his personal take on his foe's Batmobile, the Joker's smile painted on its hood, equipped with a bulletproof plating, and both machine guns and missile launchers. Common fare, such as handguns and explosives, whilst the Joker finds well enough as tools of mayhem, are only the most basic of his arsenal a clown such as him also comes equipped with lethal novelties, ranging from a squirting flower filled with acid, to razor-sharp playing cards, to million-voltage joy buzzers, all the way up to his signature Joker venom, a gas that incites uncontrolled laughter in those that inhale it, killing the victim as their facial muscles contort into a nightmarishly large grin. The Joker is known as the archenemy of Batman for many reasons, not the least of which is the various gadgets and devices with which he arms himself with. Seeing what he had become was enough to drive the man now known as the Joker to lunacy, dedicated to sowing his own breed of dissent throughout Gotham. To begin, the hosts give a look at the Joker, whose origins are unknown, even to himself over the years, the figure has shared myriad retellings of his past, he has been shown as many things, a failed comedian with a dead wife, a once-proud mob boss, or even just a mere thug with terrible luck, yet throughout each origin, every story culminates in the same event, a trip through an array of liquid chemicals within the Ace Chemicals plant, permanently scarring and discoloring the face of what was once an everyday man, bleaching his skin white with red lips and dying his hair emerald green. The hosts will match a madman working on his own whims against a murderer with another's agenda, an assortment of traps both practical and deadly against a truck with a collection of heavy firepower, for as violent as the Joker and Sweet Tooth are, only one has the necessary skills to withstand the other in a death battle. The fifth episode of season three pits a pair of psychotic clowns, renowned for both their dark humor and brutal tendencies, into the ring against one another. Wiz: And Sweet Tooth, the violent victor of Twisted Metal. Wiz: They visit you for birthday parties, cheer you up when you're sad, and probably also want to kill you.īoomstick: Clowns. Best ergonomic keyboard: Ultimate Hacking Keyboard.Best modular keyboard: Mountain Everest Max.Best optical mechanical keyboard: Wooting Two HE.Best retro mechanical keyboard: Durgod Fusion.Best mechanical keyboard for Mac: Das Keyboard MacTigr.Best cheap mechanical keyboard: Redragon K551/K552.Best value mechanical gaming keyboard: Xtrfy K4 TKL.Best mechanical keyboard for coding or typing: Drop CTRL.Best quiet mechanical keyboard: Epomaker Lite. ![]() Best wireless keyboard: Logitech G915 TKL.Best 60 percent mechanical keyboard: Razer Huntsman Mini.Best mechanical keyboard for laptops: Nuphy Air75.Best 65 percent mechanical keyboard: Fnatic Streak 65.Best full-size mechanical keyboard: Corsair K70 Max. ![]() If you're not sure, scroll on to browse our full selection of recommendations! Best mechanical keyboard 2023 We've chosen keyboards for programming, gaming, building yourself and much more, so take a look. Note: The pictures of each keyboard show either a UK or US layout, but I've linked to the appropriate regional layout wherever possible - so don't worry if you see a keyboard with a different-sized Enter key than what you're used to!Ĭlick the links below to jump right into the category you're most interested in. Let's take a look at the 15 best mechanical keyboards on the market, all tried and tested by Digital Foundry. ![]() Whether you're looking for the ultimate gaming keyboard, a surprisingly solid budget offering or just something to code on, we've got you covered. To answer this question, we've tested more than a hundred keyboards over the past five years, including wireless and low profile models, modular keyboards offering deep customisation and high-end premium keyboards with unique features and eye-catching designs. We've come a long way since these keyboards first hit the mainstream in 2010, and now there are thousands of different models available from brands big and small. Mechanical keyboards are now a mainstay of the gaming and programming communities, offering more customisability, better performance, improved longevity and just a better typing experience than your standard rubber dome keyboard. His first lead role was as Adolpho Rollo in Alexandre Rockwell's In the Soup (1992). In 1991, he played a bellboy, Chet, in the Coen Brothers film black comedy Barton Fink starring John Turturro and John Goodman. Critic Roger Ebert described the film as one that "It is likely to be most appreciated by movie lovers who will enjoy its resonance with films of the past." Also that year, he starred as Test Tube, a henchman of Laurence Fishburne's character Jimmy Jump in Abel Ferrara's crime film King of New York, as well as Edward in the anthology film Tales from the Darkside: The Movie, the protagonist of the "Lot 249" segment of the film. This was the first of five of the Coen Brothers' films in which Buscemi performed. In 1990, he played Mink Larouie in the Coen Brothers' neo-noir gangster film Millers Crossing starring opposite Gabriel Byrne, Marcia Gay Harden, and John Turturro. 1990–1998: Rise to prominence Buscemi in 1996 Buscemi also appeared in Jim Jarmusch's independent film Mystery Train (1989) as Charlie the Barber, and was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male. The film screened out of competition at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival to mixed reviews with the Scorsese segment being hailed as the standout by Roger Ebert. In 1989, he appeared in four films, including James Ivory's comedy Slaves of New York, Howard Brookner's ensemble period film Bloodhounds of Broadway and the New York Stories segment directed by Martin Scorsese entitled, "Life Lessons" starring alongside Nick Nolte and Rosanna Arquette. Other early performances include Parting Glances (1986) as well as an appearance in an episode of the television series Miami Vice in 1986. ![]() ) Buscemi briefly attended Nassau Community College before moving to Manhattan to enroll in the Lee Strasberg Institute.Ĭareer 1985–1989: Early roles īuscemi made his acting debut in the 1985 film The Way It Is, directed by Eric Mitchell, which was part of the no wave cinema movement. (Buscemi's 1996 film Trees Lounge, in which he starred and served as screenwriter and director, is set in and was largely shot in his childhood village of Valley Stream. In high school, Buscemi wrestled for the varsity squad and participated in the drama troupe. Buscemi graduated in 1975 from Valley Stream Central High School along with future writer Edward J. When Buscemi was 10 years old, the family moved from East New York to Valley Stream in Nassau County. Michael is also an actor, whose most notable role to date was as Officer Jimmy in BlacKkKlansman (2018). He has three brothers: Jon, Ken and Michael. Buscemi's paternal ancestors were from the town of Menfi in Sicily, Italy and his mother is of English and Dutch ancestry. His father was a sanitation worker and served in the Korean War, and his mother was a hostess at Howard Johnson's. Steven Vincent Buscemi was born on December 13, 1957, in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City, to Dorothy (née Wilson) and John Buscemi. film franchise (2001, 2013), Monster House (2006), Charlotte's Web (2006), the Hotel Transylvania film franchise (2012–2022), and The Boss Baby (2017). As a voice actor, Buscemi has portrayed characters in the Monsters, Inc. ![]() He has directed films such as Trees Lounge (1996), Animal Factory (2000), and Interview (2007). His other television roles include Lonesome Dove (1989), The Sopranos (2004, 2006), 30 Rock (2007–2013), Horace and Pete (2016), and Miracle Workers (2019–present). His performance earned him two Screen Actors Guild Awards, a Golden Globe and two nominations for an Primetime Emmy Award. Deeds (2002), Grown Ups (2010), and Hubie Halloween (2020).īuscemi has also had an extensive career in television, notably starring in the lead role of Enoch "Nucky" Thompson in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire (2010–2014). He has also appeared in supporting or cameo roles in many films with Adam Sandler including Airheads (1994), Billy Madison (1995), The Wedding Singer (1998), Mr. Buscemi has often starred in Coen brothers films such as Miller's Crossing (1990), Fargo (1996), and The Big Lebowski (1998). ![]() Through his career, Buscemi has continued to mix independent titles with roles in more mainstream films including Living in Oblivion (1995), Desperado (1995), Con Air (1997), Armageddon (1998), Ghost World (2001), Big Fish (2003), The Death of Stalin (2017), and The King of Staten Island (2020). Pink in Quentin Tarantino's Reservoir Dogs (1992). His early credits consist of major roles in independent film productions such as the AIDS drama Parting Glances (1986), Mystery Train (1989), In the Soup (1992), and his breakout role as Mr. Buscemi is known for his work as an acclaimed character actor. Steven Vincent Buscemi ( / b uː ˈ s ɛ m i/ boo- SEM-ee, Italian: born December 13, 1957) is an American actor. ![]() To just name a few, 5KPlayer helps a lot when you try to project your iPhone screen to PC Windows 10 wirelessly without occupying a byte. To help make sure your Android device has enough available power. Just give your explanations in front of the table and grasp the attention of your audience. This feature is only available on devices running Android 8.0 or later. Even better, you are able to record your game records for collection or later sharing.įor business men, show your presentations from iPhone to bigger screen with clearer information. ApowerMirror es un programa que sirve para controlar las funciones de tu smartphone, Android o iPhone, cómodamente desde el escritorio de tu ordenador. This tool is definitely the best screen mirroring program for windows 10. For a few third-party programs, connecting to a Windows PC will need a bit more effort. Descargar ApowerMirror para PC Última Versión Gratis. No lags and no worries about losing your place. If you want to mirror your mobile phone to PC, I highly recommend ApowerMirror because it offers high-quality display resolution and is good for both educational and business purposes. Los amantes de los juegos pueden jugar juegos basados en Android en sus computadoras sin un emulador y sin rootear el dispositivo. Its is free as long as your phone and PC are connected to the same Wi-Fi server. Not only can you download it on your PC, but you can also use it anytime and anywhere using the web version of the tool. Manipule fácilmente la pantalla de un teléfono con su mouse y teclado, incluidos los mensajes de WhatsApp y los mensajes de texto SMS. Another web-based mirroring app that you can use as an ApowerMirror app alternative is Mobizen. Also, if you want to expand your workplace, you can mirror your PC to another PC and remotely control it. With this program, you can mirror your iPhone from PC or TV. It is one of the most best tools that can mirror your device across all platforms. You have agile operations, free as you play games on your iPhone. ApowerMirror te permite controlar tu Android desde una PC sin problemas. The first recommended tool is ApowerMirror. With ApowerMirror, users can screen mirror iPhone/iPad and Android devices to PC via USB or WiFi and cast phone to TV without lag. It allows screen mirroring with audio and offers an ultimate mirroring experience as it applies the mainstream mirroring technology. 5KPlayer – Ease and Power Your Display through iPhone AirPlay Mirroring to PCĥKPlayer will turn your Windows 10 PC into an AirPlay receiver to receive what's sent from iPhone iPad and iPod Touch, including everything you do with your apps, games, photos, presentations, etc.įor teachers, you can show your multimedia courseware to everyone and control the whole class without the need to wander all the time in the class.įor gamers, screen mirroring iPhone to PC via 5KPlayer is a better way to play your iOS game on PC with more details. ApowerMirror is a screen mirroring app for both iOS and Android devices. ![]() As of 2022, Bitcoin has the same energy footprint as the entire country of Argentina, for example.īecause Gridcoin is a proof-of-stake system, no mining is required. This is a very energy intensive process, and has no use outside of securing the network. When you guess correctly, you are given some currency in exchange for your work. In mining, you spend your computational power trying to guess the answer to a mathematical puzzle and in doing so, you provide the security for the network. Mining is a term used among Proof-of-Work currencies such as Bitcoin, Litecoin, and Monero. Please see our general guide/FAQ for more information about these options. ![]() You can, of course, also just buy GRC outright through exchanges as well. You can also get staking rewards just for holding GRC in your wallet. ![]() Thanks to the generosity of our community, you can get free GRC from several faucets. You do not need to mine/crunch Gridcoin to use it or even to get your hands on your first few GRC. Whether you are new to the cryptocurrency in general or an experienced crypto miner, this guide will provide you with the information you need to get started. In that case, just grep the appropriate logs.If you are new to Gridcoin, you may be wondering how you can use your computer's spare processing power to earn some GRC. ![]() If it's not that, then you'll need to report back with a more detailed description of the problem.Įdit: I just realized that Ubuntu may not have moved to systemd yet. This is just a hunch, and assumes that the project you're trying to do work for is an OCL project rather than a CUDA project. Search the ubuntu packages for opencl and you should find them easily enough. Assuming that the GPU is otherwise working (like: there is video output), my first hunch would be that you have not installed the OpenCL libs and or OCL ICD (the component that actually puts OpenCL workloads onto GPUs). If not, then BOINC does not see a usable GPU. Then BOINC knows about your GPU, and the issue is somewhere on the project side. If you see something like OpenCL: AMD/ATI GPU 0: AMD Radeon (TM) Pro WX 3200 Series. To find out if BOINC knows about your card or not, run 'sudo journalctl -b -u boinc-client | grep GPU'. Your title says that BOINC isn't detecting the GPU, but your message only says that it isn't being used by a(n unspecified) project. If your devices are running hot, and you can't add cooling, you can reduce heat by limiting the amount of CPU BOINC is permitted to use.ĭoes this sidebar need an addition or correction? Tell me hereĪs others have pointed out, this could be a project issue rather than a BOINC issue. You run the risk of seriously damaging the components, or even starting a fire. ✻ Smokey says: regularly audit your carbon footprint to fight climate change! Be smart with your electronics, never operate them with inadequate ventilation. Users can decide which projects they participate in, using the free and open-source BOINC client software. A subreddit dedicated to all things BOINC, a platform enabling the public to volunteer their computer's processing capability towards research projects distributed across the globe. ![]() Here are some things I learned over the years: I get lots of questions about meringue-based cakes sinking in the middle or egg whites not stabilizing into stiff peaks. I haven’t personally tried it but other readers have said they’ve used vinegar or lemon juice to achieve the same effect. Cream of tartar - this recipe has a meringue component and the cream of tartar helps us achieve egg whites that are stable, billowy and glossy.What’s important is that you use ube jam that you enjoy eating on its own. Ube jam - I make my own ube jam but you can certainly buy your favorite jar from the store.I don’t recommend skipping this ingredient because it is what gives the cake that vibrant purple hue and that pop of ube flavor. Ube extract - you can find ube extract in Asian supermarkets and on Amazon.What I would recommend is to make your own. You can use all-purpose flour in a pinch but note that it’s not a 1:1 substitution and I can’t guarantee that you’ll get the same result. ![]() Cake flour - I use cake flour in this recipe for that light and tender texture.You’ll need mostly pantry staples like butter, sugar, milk and baking powder. Let me just say this - if a whole nation can be obsessed with ube, won’t you want to see what the fuss is about? This Filipino ube cake is a great place to start. Read more about it at Food & Wine and Real Simple. Happily, ube has become so much more popular and mainstream since then so a lot more people have had it. Ube tastes so unique and doesn’t taste similar to anything so it’s something you really need to taste for yourself. And, my personal favorite, ube jam (or ube halaya)īack in 2016 when I first shared this recipe, I admitted that it was very challenging for me to describe exactly what ube tastes like.Creamy ube ice cream (no machine needed).Ube cheesecake with a coconut cookie crust.Ube (purple yam in English) is not unique to the Philippines but is definitely a national favorite. ![]() If you want to secure your data from snoopers properly, consider NordLocker’s Mac file encryption. Keep in mind that anyone can reveal the folders you just hid by using the same methods. Drag the files you want to hide into the Terminal window.To obscure something from view on your Mac, follow these steps: ![]() You can also use Terminal to hide your specific files from prying eyes. Type in “defaults write AppleShowAllFiles false” and press “Enter.”.When you’re done, tuck away the files again by following these steps: Once you run the script, the hidden files should show up in Finder. Type in “killall Finder” and press “Enter” again.Type in “defaults write AppleShowAllFiles true” and press “Enter.”.Alternatively, you can find it by clicking on Go in the menu bar, selecting “Applications,” scrolling down to “Utilities,” expanding the folder, and clicking on “Terminal.” Open Terminal by typing “Terminal” in Mac’s search bar.Of course, anyone can find these files using the methods listed above, so this is not a real substitution for file encryption or any other legitimate security measures.Another way is by using the Mac Terminal to show hidden files: Drag the file you wish to hide into the Terminal window to display its path.This would be most helpful if you have password-protected files or just want to prevent anyone who uses your Mac from messing around with something that's not already hidden. This method might seem less helpful than going through Finder, but Terminal can also help you hide individual files and folders on your computer. Type defaults write AppleShowAllFiles false and press Enter.When you want to hide these files again, replace the value true with false, which would look like: Once both lines of code run, you should see your hidden files in Finder and any temporary files saved on the desktop. Type defaults write AppleShowAllFiles true and press Enter.Find Terminal under Launchpad > Other > Terminal, then run the following commands: View Hidden Files in TerminalĪnother way of performing this task is by using the macOS Terminal app, which gives you text-based access to the computer's operating system. Click Library to view the content of the ~/Library folder. ![]() However, if you hold down the Option key, there will be a new Library option with no shortcut visible. Click Go to see all the shortcuts for accessing the different folders inside your hard drive. You can also quickly access the ~/Library folder from Finder's top menu. This will ensure you don't accidentally change something in the future. (period) to make the folders invisible again. You can also do the same from inside the Documents, Applications, and Desktop folders.Īnything your computer doesn't want you messing with will be grayed out, but you can still take a peek inside. (period) to make the hidden files appear. In Finder, click your hard drive under Locations, then open your Macintosh HD folder. Just remember that there are few reasons to mess around with these files-like relocating program directories or troubleshooting drivers-and if you're looking to clear up some hard drive space, there are other ways of accomplishing that. You can view these hidden files on a Mac via Finder or through your Mac's Terminal app. ![]() Ryu's Hypers are largely upgraded versions of his Specials, act mostly as combo-ending moves with power requirements and long recovery frames, but are also Ryu's most powerful attacks. The other, Alpha Counter - Sweep, has Ryu sweep-kick the opponent, causing them to be knocked down in a similar matter, though they aren't launched as high as with Alpha Counter - Shoryuken. The first, Alpha Counter - Shoryuken, is essentially identical to the Ⓨ variant of Shoryuken aside from a different knockdown animation. In addition to Specials, Ryu also has two Alpha Counter attacks that can be used to counter an unsuspecting opponent's attack, provided Ryu has blocked the attack and has 1000 Power or greater. Tatsumaki Senpuu Kyaku is a series of kicks that also inflict soft knockdown and knock the opponent into the air slightly allowing for Ryu to follow up with Normals, though the timing is harder than with Shoryuken due to the opponent not getting knocked quite as high. Shoryuken is a powerful uppercut attack that comes in three varieties, each one dealing stronger damage and covering more distance than the last, and inflicts soft knockdown and acts as a Launcher of sorts, making it good for starting combos since it can be followed up with Normals quite easily. There's also a variant of Hadoken known as Shakunetsu Hadoken with a more complicated command input, rewarded by dealing even more damage. ![]() Hadoken is a projectile that can be fired at one of three speeds, and is useful for long-distance opponents. This makes Ryu's combo ability somewhat limited in comparison to other characters, though this is compensated by the amount of damage and the variety of attacks Ryu has at his disposal. Ryu is able to Cancel his Normals into a Special, but he cannot cancel into a Hyper, nor can he cancel into other Normals. Ryu can also activate an Alpha Counter by pressing or while blocking this allows Ryu to counter-attack at the cost of 1000 Power. Ryu can activate a Roll Dodge after being knocked down by holding the desired direction and pressing either or. The strength of an attack is generally denoted by the button used to activate it in the case of Ryu's Hypers, the amount of power the Hyper consumes is also denoted by the button used to activate it, in increments of 1000 Power. Ryu is a six-button character, using for kicks and for punches. ![]() Given the sensitive nature of the study, we did not contact family members or friends to confirm death. 15 If an alias was classified as a true match, the person was considered to have died. 14 The NDI database provided potential matches of deaths for each record we submitted and a probabilistic score to determine which deaths were true matches to former inmates. A second source was the NDI, a computerized database of information abstracted by states from death certificates that indexes deaths in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. ![]() Race or ethnic group is self-reported on entry into the Washington State Department of Corrections. The Department of Corrections provided personal identifiers for all persons released from prison during the study period, including name, known aliases and nicknames, Social Security number, date and state of birth, sex, race, marital status, and dates of incarceration. The study was approved by the Veterans Affairs committee of the institutional review board of the University of Washington and the research review committee of the Washington State Department of Corrections, with a waiver of consent by the University of Washington Human Subjects Division. The final sample consisted of 30,237 former inmates. The 143 inmates reported by the Department of Corrections to have died or to have been executed while incarcerated were excluded if the death occurred during the first or only admission to prison during the study period otherwise, data on former inmates were censored as of the date of readmission to prison before death. Six inmates who were granted extraordinary medical placement and survived until the end of their prison sentences were included in the analysis. Of the 30,636 former inmates, 399 (1%) were excluded from the analysis for the following reasons: age was less 18 years at the time of release (45 persons), data on race were missing (20 persons), date of death reported by the National Death Index (NDI) for a match to a former inmate occurred before the person’s release date but the person was not known to have died in prison (31 persons), the recorded date of release occurred before the date of admission to prison and two attempts to correct the inconsistency by contacting the Department of Corrections did not resolve it (155 persons), or death occurred while the inmate was on “extraordinary medical placement” (compassionate release) for grave illness before the official release date (5 persons). The Washington State prison system does not include jails, and it houses approximately 15,000 felony offenders sentenced to imprisonment for more than 1 year. In this retrospective cohort study, we identified 30,636 persons who were released from the Washington State Department of Corrections between July 1, 1999, and December 31, 2003, from electronic records of the Department of Corrections. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the risk of death among persons released from Washington State prisons, compare the mortality rates among former inmates with those among other state residents, investigate whether the first 2 weeks after release were associated with an elevated risk of death, and describe the major causes of death. Information about the risk and causes of death after release from prison could focus preventive efforts, improve transitional care, and guide policies to improve outcomes. Former inmates may also be at risk for death from violence, unintentional injury, and a lapse in treatment of chronic health conditions. The first few weeks after release might be a time of high vulnerability to drug overdose. 9, 11 A history of prison release 12 and prior arrests 13 has been associated with fatal drug overdoses in Australia and with nonfatal drug overdoses in San Francisco. European studies have suggested that mortality rates after release from prison were high among persons with a history of injection drug use. Studies outside the United States have suggested a high mortality rate after the release from prison, 5 – 11 but these findings have not been confirmed in the United States, and data on the causes of death are limited. Prisoners’ reentry - their return to the community from prison - can be stressful as former inmates try to obtain housing, reintegrate into their families and communities, find employment, 3, 4 and gain access to health care. ![]() 1 At the end of 2001, there were approximately 5.6 million adults who had ever been incarcerated in a state or federal prison, 2 not including stays in local jails. ![]() At the end of 2004, more than 3% of adults in the United States were in jail, in prison, or on probation or parole. |
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